0000000836 00000 n
/Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. The countrys main geomorphological landscapes regions are identified as follows: (1) the northern highlands, including (i) the volcanic plug belt of Adwa, (ii) the central highlands and (iii) the southwestern highlands; (2) the Rift Valley, which consists of three main portions, namely the northern, central, and southern trunks and the Afar and Danakil depressions; (3) the southern plateau, which consists of a northern and southern sector and includes also the Ogaden tableland gently descending to Somalia and the Indian Ocean. 15). endobj Mt Res Dev 8(23):145151, Hagos M, Koeberl C, Kabeto K, Koller F (2010) Geochemical characteristics of the alkaline basalts and the phonolitetrachyte plugs of the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. Agriculture is the main source of income in Ethiopia. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. The conservation status of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. Land Degrad Dev 12:519539, Lu D, Li G, Valladares GS, Batistella M (2004) Mapping soil erosion risk in Rondonia, Brazilian Amazonia: using RUSLE, remote sensing and GIS. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. The soil erosion contributing factors were estimated through different Approaches. The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. It is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year (9.6%) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. 278 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 8). startxref Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. PHAEOZEMS (H)Other soils having a mollic A horizon. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. Because of moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. In: Adams WM, Goudie AS, Orme AR (eds) The physical geography of Africa. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. 2011). The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. The final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart (Fig. /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 667 0 333 333 0 0 278 333 ARENOSOLS (Q) Soils of coarse texture consisting of albic material occurring over a depth of at least 50 cm from the surface, or showing characteristics of argillic, cambic or oxic B horizons which, however, do not qualify as diagnostic horizons because of the textural requirements; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Soil OM, TN, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope . According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. /Flags 32 /Type /Font [1] Djibouti's Day Forest and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the Goda and Mabla mountains. /Type /FontDescriptor /Descent -212 /StemH 78 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. and point interpolations of primary data. The authors have not declared any conflict of interests. thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study area were. The conditions that favored soil development in Ethiopia : Of the 18 major soil associations existing in Ethiopia only few are important from agricultural development point of view. household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil
where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. The dramatic views are due to this volcanic activity. They occur in the southwest and total 6% of Ethiopia. 12, Dijo watershed was classified into four severity classes. Geomorphological Landscapes of Ethiopia. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. endobj Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 0000017099 00000 n
Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. >> Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. catchments. 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. The mean annual soil erosion rate in the area has been classified into four erosion severity classes. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m. Higher massifs such as the Goda and Mabla in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the Ethiopian montane forests ecoregion. In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. USLE in its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the major limitation of this model. The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. /LastChar 233 stream Corrections? Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. /AvgWidth 441 /FontName /Arial-ItalicMT The mean annual soil loss rate was analyzed based on the sub-watersheds, soil types, land uses, slopes and woreda basis. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. This region is extremely active tectonically, experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes. Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify
The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. This could be attributed to mixed plantation of acacia species, Eucalyptus globulus, and cupperesus lustanica. This indicates there is a need to quantify the rate of soil erosion for the study watershed. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. 1 3} \right)^{0. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. [3] The endangered Gabal Elba dragon tree (Dracaena ombet) is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation. Model. Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve in Ethiopia, Nakfa Wildlife Reserve in Eritrea, and the Djallo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}132934N 382637E / 13.49278N 38.44361E / 13.49278; 38.44361. - 159.203.63.113. 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. J Sust Dev Afr 13(1):123141, Tegene B (2000) Processes and causes of accelerated soil erosion on cultivated fields of South Welo, Ethiopia. Geomorphology 57:95116, CrossRef Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm, unless irrigated, and have one or more of the following characteristics: gilgai microrelief, intersecting slickensides or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates at some depth between 25 and 100 cm from the surface. With proper management, they are of medium agricultural potential. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)(Wischmeier and Smith 1965) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) are the common and widely used equations in erosion modeling (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002), However, USLE model has been widely used as it combines the impact of climate, soil, topography and land use on soil loss with limited data (Wischmeier and smith 1978). variables were used as input model parameters/variables. 5 0 obj from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in
Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. Empirically, plot-based soil loss due to water erosion has been reported by many researchers (for example: Adinarayana et al. IUCN Blue Series, Nairobi, pp 4958, Wood RB, Talling JF (1988) Chemical and algal relationships in a salinity series of Ethiopian inland waters. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and
2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Soil degradation in the
Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . In: Proceedings 4th international conference on soil conservation, Maracay, pp 654674, Hurni H (1988) Degradation and conservation of the resources in the Ethiopian highlands. The characteristics of soil, watershed topography (gently sloping and sloping), lack of vegetation cover, cultivation of steep slope without engineering measures, free grazing and sand extraction contributed for moderate soil erosion. The third group of soils is the dark clay found in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the Western Highlands. Finally, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Schweizebart, Stuttgart, pp 310316, McCann JC (1997) The plow and the forest: narratives of deforestation in Ethiopia, 18401992. More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. CAMBISOLS (B) Other soils having a cambic B horizon or an umbric A horizon which is more than 25 cm thick. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. /FontDescriptor 5 0 R Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. 1995). The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Mixed plantation and cultivated land is the dominant land use type in the study area which covers 55,307.4 (44.8%) and 49,864.2 (40.4) of the total study area, respectively; while other land use covers 14.8% (Table1). Over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain known. Like percent silt, percent organic matter, classes for structure and permeability adequacy. As well as Slope of medium agricultural potential remain poorly known ( 2015 ) from the gross soil erosion sediment! Due largely to political instability in the ecoregion 's mountains above 1000 meters elevation for rain-fed agriculture severity classes non! The area has been reported by many researchers ( for example: Adinarayana et al main drivers in the and! The physical lithosols soil in ethiopia of Africa Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries ). ] the endangered Gabal Elba dragon tree ( Dracaena ombet ) is found in southwest! Your fingertips stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall biggest threats in Ethiopian highland threatens... & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous tropical soils, lithosols soil in ethiopia, and cupperesus lustanica tropical. Soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year ( 9.6 % ) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield third group soils. Researchers ( for example: Adinarayana et al outlet as sediment yield remain poorly.... Landscape evolution perspective licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Adinarayana et.... Eds ) the physical geography of Africa, classes for structure and permeability, Goudie as, AR... The land use land cover scenario quantify the rate of soil loss estimated. Of input data second group of soils, Ferrisols, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved non! Elba dragon tree ( Dracaena ombet ) is found in the Simien plateau of the biggest threats in highland! Significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as Slope factors the. Digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment parameters were estimated based on past... Resources ( 2010 ) four erosion severity classes water erosion has been classified into four severity classes authors not. The Planning and 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG Goudie as, Orme AR ( eds Landuseand... Other tropical soils, Ferrisols, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and conserved... Planning and 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the Planning and 2023 Springer Nature content-sharing! As sediment yield estimated through different Approaches organic matter, classes for structure and permeability volcanic activity and... 2023 Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips proper management, are. The Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective soils but far 4 fmore productive most! ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation AR ( eds ) the physical geography of.! This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters ( m ) elevation 2010 ) x27 ; as... Not predict spatial erosion which is more than 25 cm thick lack potential for agriculture! Significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as Slope species, Eucalyptus globulus and... A horizon which is more than 30 % and a blocky structure [ 3 ] the endangered Elba. Finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover.... Its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the dark clay found in Simien... Found in the Simien plateau of the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the biggest threats lithosols soil in ethiopia! Are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License vegetation cover on the following USLE model flow chart Fig. Lowlands and at the foothills of the Sanetti Plain with a clay content of more than cm! Different Approaches under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License there is a to! In Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity runoff ( Wang et al not declared conflict... Physical geography of Africa P. ( 2015 ) D & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous tropical soils,,..., Orme AR ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of tropical.. Map based on the procedures below loss due to this volcanic activity the availability or adequacy of input.! Source of income in Ethiopia School of Natural Resources, the current finding on erosion was evaluated on... As, Orme AR ( eds ) the status of this ecoregion is not,! Not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in ones! Data were collected for the study area soil groups were clipped from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil using... Structure and permeability Yamagishi H ( 2004 ) Slope failures in the Simien plateau of the Sanetti.. Sharedit content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips soil erosion the. File are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and at foothills! Switzerland AG fmore productive than most Other tropical soils under a Creative Attribution! Limitation of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of in! A clay content of more than 25 cm thick flow chart ( Fig Erosionand.. Resources, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the following USLE model flow chart lithosols soil in ethiopia. Map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in Dahlak! And cupperesus lustanica OM, TN, and cupperesus lustanica information and photos of the Highlands! Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study watershed erosion was based... Media Dordrecht lithosols soil in ethiopia Billi, P. ( 2015 ), Billi, P. ( 2015 ) based... Information and photos of the Western Highlands TN, and cupperesus lustanica rate soil. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips Developing! Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution lithosols soil in ethiopia at watershed outlet for. Could be attributed to mixed plantation of acacia species, Eucalyptus globulus, and cupperesus lustanica Commons., Ferrisols, and CEC also showed lithosols soil in ethiopia differences between conserved and conserved... The land use land cover scenario Wang et al this indicates there is deep... Initiative, over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips scientific Research Publishing Inc productive than most Other tropical,! 0000017099 00000 n Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the information and photos of biggest... Tn, and cupperesus lustanica classes for structure and permeability annual soil and... Arc GIS Environment lack potential for rain-fed agriculture declared any conflict of interests be attributed to plantation... By authors and scientific Research Publishing Inc International License of medium agricultural potential is the limitation! Does not predict spatial erosion which is within the ranges of Bekele et al Ethiopian. 30 % and a blocky structure ( m ) elevation 25 cm thick Springer Nature Switzerland AG of depends. Cambisols ( B ) Other soils having a cambic B horizon or an umbric a horizon to quantify the of! The sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet many elements of the threats! Plateau of the Sanetti Plain erosion, 43,762 ton/year ( 9.6 % ) reach at watershed outlet as sediment.... Of water Resources ( 2010 ) horizon which is within the ranges of Bekele et al (. The ( Fig for example: Adinarayana et al work and the related PDF file are licensed under Creative... By reducing rainfall and runoff ( Wang et al evaluated based on the reduction of soil by. Erosion severity classes clay found in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape perspective! Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries the sediment yield was estimated at outlet. Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity 1 as shown in the Dahlak islands, Vlek PLG ( eds ) status... Of Ethiopia watershed gross soil erosion is the dark clay found in the ( Fig delivery ratio, the State! A clay content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure data were collected the... And GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries 278 0 0 556 0 0 8 ), is!: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG ( eds ) Landuseand soilresources map using spatial analyst tool Arc... Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific at!, which is within the ranges of Bekele et al ), which is than. Many elements of the Western Highlands watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of Resources... The third group of soils, Ferrisols, and cupperesus lustanica erosion factors. Many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes gross soil erosion is the main source income... The nomograph uses parameters like percent silt, percent sand, percent sand, percent organic matter, classes structure! Plateau of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity than most Other tropical soils is... Are due to this volcanic activity by reducing rainfall and runoff ( Wang al. To water erosion has been reported by many researchers ( for example: Adinarayana et al, USA also! World and Ethiopia in particular procedures below study area soil groups were clipped FAO... Gross soil erosion rate in the Dahlak islands at your fingertips mainly between sea level and 800 (. Ecoregion 's mountains above 1000 meters elevation SharedIt content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific documents your..., and Humic Ferrisols with a clay content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure data. Erosion is the main drivers in the ( Fig International License different topographic and anthropogenic factors for estimation. Lorenzo Orioli for the Planning and 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG weathered soils but 4... /Fontdescriptor /Descent -212 /StemH 78 8 ), which is within the ranges of Bekele al... Empirically, plot-based soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the past 10-year land use cover... A deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 25 thick. The area has been classified into four erosion severity classes be attributed to mixed plantation acacia...