In this article, we will discuss the characteristics and specifications of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . The factors were identified as Cognitive and Somatic and were similar for boys and girls. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is world-wide among the most used self-rating scales for measuring depression. While Dominicans native language is the same that the language BDI-II version used in this study (i.e., Spanish), there are linguistic characteristics that may vary substantially. Bilingual participants completed both English and Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations. A PsychInfo search of Beck Depression Inventory or BDI AND trauma yielded 681 peer-reviewed journal articles (6/05). If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. The Spanish adaption of Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): Psychometric properties in the general population/Adapatacin espaola del Inventario para la Depresin de Beck-II (BDI-II): Propriedades psicomtricas en poblacin general. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator of the severity of depression, but not as a diagnostic tool, and numerous studies provide evidence for its reliability and validity across different populations and cultural groups. As a whole, these indices allow us to conclude in favor of the existence of an orthogonal general depression factor that substantially explains the variability in the items. Yes Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1), 181-183. 2020 Sep 23;63(1):e91. There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." We will write a custom Assessment on Beck Depression Inventory, Its History and Benefits specifically for you. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). Hopelessness is an important psychological construct, defined as negative expectations regarding oneself and one's future life and a negative emotional state characterized by the lack of finding a solution for one's problems ().In his research focused on depression mood and suicidal behavior, Beck (2-5) observed that patients diagnosed with depressive disorders shared . The Pros And Cons Of Gay And Lesbians. Relationships between the underlying constructs of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(2), 319-335. Chron Respir Dis. Additional data regarding reliability are presented under Notes for "Construct Validity." The lack of psychometrically well-established measures for assessing depression in community hinder the early detection of symptoms, the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions and the development of research programs aimed to identify risk factors associated to depression in Dominican population. The other pro is that it also consists of high content validity. The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. In Dominican Republic the scientific research on depression is absent [55] which may negatively impact the development of cultural sensitive evidence-based interventions. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Connie Wong, M.A. The Beck Depression Inventory can be a helpful tool in assessing your level of distress but should not be used as a replacement for professional help. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression [6]. Subica et al. The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of Reveals specific suicidal characteristics that require greater clinical scrutiny. Can be administered with the BDI-II and the BHS for a more complete evaluation. This site was built using the UW Theme | Privacy Notice | 2023 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder. The internal consistency of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. There is a short version of the BDI, the BDI-SF, which includes only the cognitive-affective subscale and has been recommended to assess depression in medical populations, with scores higher than 10 associated with moderate to severe depression. There are two versions: the original 27-item version and the . Thus, future investigation should examine the robustness of BDI-II against social desirability responses in order to ensure a correct interpretation of the scores. There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. First, to determine the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure by examining several competing factor models that have been reported in previous studies. However, findings show that the bifactor model consisting of a general depression factor and three specific factors including cognitive, affective and somatic provided the best fit to data (see Fig 1), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t002. You will need to add up the score reported for each of the 21 questions ranging from zero to three. International Journal of Testing, 7, 293-309. While the Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most widely used inventories for measuring symptoms of depression, there are both pros and cons to this method of diagnosis. Keep track of your depression. What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? There was neither difficulty in understanding nor negative commentaries about the scale content. The results obtained were: = .78 for the Cognitive dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .45 and .62); = .77 for the Somatic dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .42 and .56); and = .70 for the Affective dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .55). The BDI has been widely used in research studies and clinical practice. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. Carmody (2005) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with a diverse group of college students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. "This research had the revision and approval of the National Council of Bioethics in Health/ Consejo Nacional de Biotica en Salud (CONABIOS) of the Dominican Republic. Neurovegetative symptom subtypes in young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates. A self-report depression inventory administered verbally or self administered. (2002) analyzed data from a sample of university students and reported that a cutoff score of 16 for mild depression would yield a sensitivity rate of 71% and a false positive rate of 21%. 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future. Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). In adults, the BDI-II has been found to correlate with multiple measures of depression including the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Revised Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. (2005). Cohen, J.A., Deblinger, A., Mannarino, A.P., & Steer, R.A. (2004). (2002). Transl Psychiatry. The normative sample included outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky who were used as part of the measure development for the BDI-II. Cathebras, P., Mosnier, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K., & Rousset, H. (1994). For example, Byrne et al. A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Although the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two of the most widely used instruments for assessing depressive and anxious symptoms in both clinical and nonclinical populations, their cross-cultural reliability and validity have yet to be fully established. Individuals with low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format. This version of the inventory consists of 21 items, in which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3. A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. It contains 21 items, and a patient has to rate them all on a scale to help the doctor assess his medical condition. This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. This is perhaps better expressed in terms of average factorial loads, where a greater influence on general factor items (average = .52) is observed compared to those observed for the specific cognitive (average = .26), affective (average = .23) and somatic (average = .24) factors. The normative sample is predominantly White (91%). Yes Five hundred outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky were included. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Please contact the author of the questionnaire for use permissions. c. Give an example or explain how someone being diagnosed with a mental disorder can be sim; They found good internal consistency and factoral validity, with factor analysis identifying a general dimension of depression and two related factors, cognitive-affective and somatic-motivational, similar to the factor structure reported in the BDI-II manual. Although they used the original BDI in this study, they suggested that results would generalize to the BDI-II given the overlap between the two. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 381-385. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. Items from the BDI-A were rewritten, 4 new items corresponding to DSM-IV Depression criteria were added, and the timeframe was changed from 1 week to 2 weeks to correspond to the DSM-IV. The BDI-II also has good convergent and discriminant validity. These findings are especially important in light of a study using an earlier version of the BDI that reported item bias when Latinos completed a translated version of the BDI (Azocar, Aren, Miranda & Muoz, 2001). Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. This research was supported by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (FONDOCYT) of the Dominican Republic, for this reason we thank you. Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: The Family Coping Skills Program. (2018, February 3). The mean age was 27.07 (SD = 11.18). The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961). Individuals treated with interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment (Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005). 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. No, Is the Subject Area "Psychometrics" applicable to this article? The CDI was developed by Kovacs in 1977 using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1967), and was formally published in 1992. 2. It is also necessary to admit that a peculiar feature of this mental . This population consisted of 67 females and 53 males with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.84) and was predominately Caucasian. The Beck Depression Inventory for Youth is for use with children aged 7-14 and has demonstrated good convergent validity with the Childrens Depression Inventory (Simith, Schwartz, George, & Panke, 2004). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-question self-report rating used to measure the symptoms of depression in an individual. Particularly, while Beck et al. The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 187-189. Learn more about accessibility at UWMadison. Predicting self-reported depression after the onset of multiple sclerosis using genetic and non-genetic factors. Introduction. The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. 2000;57(3):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217, Wang FM, Davis MF, Briggs FB. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. Project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia@pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia@gmail.com. For the purpose of providing validity evidence with external variables, the BDI-II scores of the general population (N = 797) and the hospital population (N = 243) were compared, using Student's t-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction (Table 3). Psychiatry Investig. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. 2011;63 Suppl 11:S454-S466. However, 30% of bilingual participants would be placed in a different depressive category depending on whether their Spanish or English scores are used. Items are on a four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3. (2005). Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Robyn Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor, Ph.D., Madhur Kulkarni, M.S. 2015;27(1):68-81. doi:10.1037/pas0000026, Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Thus, further research is needed into the latent structure of BDI-II. Background: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and good performance as a screening measure in different contexts and languages. Journal of Affective Disorders, 86(1), 87-91. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. No, Is the Subject Area "Dominican Republic" applicable to this article? The 21-item self-administered survey is scored on a scale of 0-3 in a list of four statements arranged in increasing severity about a symptom of depression. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg (1998) indicated sensitivity and specificity rates listed above using cutoffs of 0-12 (nondepressed), 13-19 (dysphoric), and 20-63 (dysphoric or depressed). , contact the author of the University of Wisconsin System 11.18 ) the of... B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Steer, R.A. ( )... Health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [ 56 ] % ), Guttierez,,! Robustness of BDI-II against social desirability responses in order to ensure a correct interpretation of the questionnaire use. Hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute Stress disorder were similar for boys and girls will write custom., it is also necessary to admit that a peculiar feature of this mental a diverse group of students! 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