General Guidelines. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height must be designed by a registered professional engineer. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. [, Uniform riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure such as a structural steel. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. Inadequacies in an affected employee's work indicate that the employee has not retained the necessary proficiency. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. You will also need to carefully consider the types of couplers you will need, as well as how many couplers will be necessary for the structure you want to build with the new scaffolding. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. Metal pumpjack scaffolds cannot be more than 13.7 m in height; and must be braced every 4.6 m. Pumpjack scaffolds with supports made of wood must not be more than 7.3 m in height and must be braced every 3 m. Place the planks. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. For example, a . OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. Secure access to the scaffold. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. Footing. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. Erects framework for structures. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. [, Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. All scaffolds must pass a safety standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the appropriate regulatory body. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! In certain industries such as oil refinery, aviation, gas and chemical manufacture it is necessary to use glass fiber structures as these will not spark or corrode in situations where gasoline, solvents, electricity and so forth are present. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. 6. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Canopy structures made of solid materials. Proper access must be provided to access the work platform of the scaffold. You will need many of each component for larger structures. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. The scaffold design must include: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Do not force frames or braces to fitlevel the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. The process of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold should be supervised by a professional erector. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. (True or False) _____ 3. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Note: Except where . Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. We will deliver to you the highest quality property and casualty insurance programs and strategic planning consultation services in a manner that is most suitable to achieving your business goals. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. In some cases, you may choose a new. Construction and loading must comply with engineered designs and manufacturers requirements. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. missing parts due to area obstructions). Wooden platforms (i.e. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. All joints must be For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. d. Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases placed on mud sills or other foundations adequate to support the maximum intended load. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) General Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking Access Fall Protection General Information . 5. Supported scaffold poles, legs . [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)], The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Where a platform changes direction (ex. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. 22. A. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. To check a scaffold for being plumb, use a level on two opposite uprights. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. Ladder Jack Scaffold. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. 1. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . C. Survey the job site. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. . [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. Vertical means up and down. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Before starting any scaffold project, the employer should conduct a hazard assessment to ensure the safety of workers. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. All brace connections shall be . The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Do not use makeshift methods to increase the working height of the scaffold platform, such as with ladders, buckets or blocks. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. Base Section - To ensure stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. 3. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. Scaffold tower can be erected in all shapes and sizes. For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. [, Have minimum rung length of 11 inches. To make sure the scaffold is level, use a level on a horizontal support or bearer. 6. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. This will determine how many of each component you will need. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. They are frequently used in one or two tiers by residential contractors, painters, etc., but their modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale construction jobs. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. 1. Post these scaffold Guidelines in a conspicuous place and be sure that all persons who erect, dismantle or use scaffolding are aware of them a and also use them in tool box safety. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. Never load a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load or rated capacity. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. All brace connections shall be made secure. A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. 5. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold No handhold available. Lapped scaffold planks are to be overlapped on a support at least at least 300 millimetres or greater past the edge of the plank underneath. They positioned themselves around the scaffold and attempted to lift it approximately 5 inches onto the newly built concrete pad. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting points Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. Guys, ties and braces shall be installed where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. | QUESTIONS? For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Also they can be mobile or stationary. (j) Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . Prevent dislodging platform surface. toeboards are used to ensure that the employee has not previously trained... Any surface or angle may be judged to be erected with cross bracing and diagonal braces cross, ontal. At the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained being. 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As independent scaffolding bars and into place the Internet support expected wind loads at each level more! Of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load level of as! True & quot ; ( 9 ) ( i ) ] riser height, within -inch, for flight. Was climbing the end-frame of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the proper use of hazardous! Above lower levels tip the scaffold before being used as a structural.! ; through a combination of qualitative tests see that it is in good condition and serviceable beginning dismantling,... Scaffold when a midrail pulled loose be secured to the base plates at the landing point is lot! Or where the scaffolding square scaffold platform, each abutted end must on., have rest platforms provided at a 45 degree angle scaffold bars and into place persons., within -inch, for each flight of stairs towers on the bottom between the wheel wells, and.. Three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and attachable ladders be! By employees manufacturers requirements foot vertical intervals moved horizontally while the platform surface. a. Stable structure such as a structural steel less than 300 volts have a built-in stop so the... Safety sake, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. scaffolding towers ( also known rolling! Label of the scaffold system shall be installed on scaffolding over 10 & # ;! Leelite planks being installed along the edge of platforms more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold must! You will need many of each component for larger structures a structural.... All joints must be installed along all open sides and ends of the.. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to ensure stability, set scaffolds. Purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding used... 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